RETINAL DETACHMENT Patients who develop a retinal detachment with high myopia may become completely blind. Treatment options for this are surgical in nature. Very infrequently, patients develop a total retinal detachment with substantial loss of sight. Macular detachment generally involves the entire posterior pole of the retina and can lead to substantial loss of sight. MACULAR DETACHMENT Highly myopic eyes, especially those associated with colombomas with macular hole formations, can develop macular detachments. Treatment options include intraocular injections to regress blood vessel formation and pneumatic retinopexy to displace the intra-retinal blood.
Fortunately, not all patients who have myopic bleeding will develop a choroidal neovascular membrane, since they may have a small blood vessel rupture without the associated new blood vessel growth. These breaks increase the risk of faulty blood vessels growing through the breaks and into the retina. Due to the extensive tension upon the retina caused by the enlarged length of the eye, patients may develop breaks in the retinal pigment epithelium. MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANES The presence of myopic choroidal neovascular membranes is generally seen in patients who are highly near sighted. Early treatment options include surgical intervention, laser intervention, and cryo treatment. It is important that patients who have high myopia be examined and screened on a regular basis to prevent these complications from happening.
These retinal tears tend to be located in the far peripheral of the retina and can be associated with retinal detachments. These tractional changes can be associated with peripheral retinal tears, much like in patients who have lattice degeneration. RETINA TEARS Due to the enlarged eyeball that is frequently seen in patients who have high myopia, tractional changes extending throughout the retina may develop. It is equally essential that regular investigations are maintained.
Degenerative myopia retina full#
Early diagnosis is essential in preventing the early schisis from leading to the formation of a full thickness macular hole. MACULAR HOLES Patients who have high myopia can develop cystoid macular degeneration or foveal schisis formation due to their extreme myopia. Patients who have myopic degeneration may also have macular degeneration. Patients who have myopic degeneration can be difficult to distinguish from patients who have macular degeneration. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) undergoes atrophic and tractional changes that ultimately lead to its compromise. Myopic macular degeneration refers to the early degeneration of the central portion of vision due to layers of the retina being under traction. Over time, these tissues may undergo degenerative changes that are not normally seen in the regular population. MYOPIC DEGENERATION Axial myopia, in which the entire eyeball is stretched relative to a normal eyeball, causes tension in many of the tissues on the inside lining eye. Since both the retina and RPE are vital for vision, the atrophy of their cells further deteriorates the vision of a patient with myopic degeneration. Additionally, the stretching and tearing of the retinal and RPE membranes can lead to atrophy, the dying and wasting away of cells.
Once on the retina, the blood vessels may bleed into the vitreous body, diminishing sight and/or forming scar tissue, also known as an epiretinal membrane, over the retina, blocking light from reaching it. When the RPE is torn, it stimulates the growth of abnormal blood vessels called choroidal neovascular membranes that also spread to the retina. In addition, myopic degeneration leads to tears in the retinal pigment epithelium, a frontal tissue that connects to the retina. As the strain on the retina increases, the tears can develop into macular holes, which may eventually lead to macular, or even retinal, detachment. It begins by causing tears in the peripheral retina which can spread into the macula. WHAT IS THE CONDITION? Myopic degeneration refers to the progressive weakening of the retina and RPE because they are being stretched within a myopic eye. Myopic degeneration arises because structural strain from the stretching of the retinal tissue increases the risk of holes and/or tears and the development of other diseases. As a result of this, myopia puts strain on the tissues of the eye, including the retinal pigment endothelium (RPE), macula, and retina. MYOPIC DEGENERATION Myopic eyes, either genetically inherited or developed overtime, have a stretched structure compared to normal eyes.
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